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A professional trader needs strong money management skills。 All successful traders survive and prosper thanks to their discipline。 The 2％ Rule will keep you safe from the sharks； the 6％ Rule from the piranhas。 Then； if you have a half…way decent trading system； you’ll be far ahead of the game。
专业交易者需要很强的资金管理技能。所有成功交易者的幸存和成功都要感谢他们的纪律。2％原则将帮助你防范鲨鱼，6％原则将帮助你防范食人鱼。然后，如果你有一个中等水平的交易系统，你就已经超前那个游戏很多了。
MONEY MANAGEMNT STEPS
资金管理步骤
Overtrading … putting on trades that are too large for your account … is a deadly mistake。 Beginners are in a hurry to make money； whereas serious traders begin by measuring risks。 If you start small and concentrate on quality； you’ll bee a better trader。 Once you’ve learned to trade … find trades； enter； set stops and profit targets； and exit … you can start increasing your trading size to the point where your account starts generating a meaningful ine。
过度交易——重仓——是致命错误。新手想赚快钱，然而认真的交易者是从计算风险开始的。如果你起步时做的很少，但注重质量，你会成为一个不错的交易者。当你明白了交易是——寻找交易，进场，设置止损，订立利润目标，出场——你就可以适当增加你的仓位，并赢得有意义的利润。
A new trader came to see me recently； a 42…year…old businessman tired of the rat race。 His wife continued to run their business； while he put all his time and energy into the market。 He kept bobbing around breakeven； trading anywhere from 100 to 1；000 shares at a clip。 Often； he’d make money on several trades in a row trading small lots and then give back everything on a single large trade。
最近有个新手来找我，他是42岁的生意人，他厌倦了老鼠赛跑。他的妻子帮他照顾生意，他自己全心全意做投资。他对自己的资金原地不动而痛苦，一般他会交易100——1000股。通常，他都下小单，也赢了几次，然后一次大的亏损就把利润还给市场了。
I told him he was ahead of the game because； unlike most beginners； he hadn’t lost money。 I then gave him the standard prescription … begin by trading 100 shares； the smallest round lot； until you have a profitable period during which you have more winners than losers and are profitable overall。 That period should be two weeks for a day…trader or two months for a longer…term swing trader。 Once you have had a profitable period； bump up your size by 100 shares and start trading 200。 After another profitable period； go up another 100 shares and start trading 300。 If you have a losing half…period （a week for a day…trader； a month for a swing trader）； go back down to your previous trade size and start counting again。 If you trade futures； substitute one contract for 100 shares。 Advance slowly； retreat fast。
我告诉他，他的表现已经是非常不错了，大部分新手都是亏损的，他却没有亏损。然后我给他开了一个标准药方——一开始交易最少的手数，100股，如果能做到赚钱比亏钱多，而且总体是赢利的，开始阶段就算结束了。对于日内交易者来说，这个阶段是2周；对于长线交易者来说是2个月。如果能做到赢利了，把你的交易额从100股提高到200股。如果这个阶段也能赚钱了，把200股提高到300股。如果你在某个阶段（日内交易者是1周，长线交易者是1个月）亏损了，回到上一个阶段，重新开始。如果你交易的是期货，用1份合约代替100股。慢慢地进步，亏损时撤退要快。
In his ground…breaking book Portfolio Management Formulas； Ralph Vince introduced the concept of the optimal f … the optimal fraction of your account to risk in any given trade for maximum long…term gains。 His book is mathematically demanding； but it boils down to a few key concepts： there is an optimal f for every trade； if you bet less； your risk decreases arithmetically while profit decreases geometrically； if you keep betting more than the optimal f； you are guaranteed to go broke。 The optimal f keeps shifting with every trade and is hard to calculate。 It provides the highest returns in the long run； but it also leads to vicious drawdowns that may exceed 90％ of the account。 Who has the fortitude to continue trading a system that has brought his account down from 100；000 to 9；000？ The main value of the optimal f is simply to remind us that if we trade a size that’s too large； we’ll destroy our account。 The optimal f marks the zone beyond which you walk into a minefield。 Stay away from it； trade less than the optimal f。
拉夫·文森在他的伟大著作《图解资金公式》里，作者介绍了最完美的f——也就是最完美的那部分账户资金，用它去赢取最大的收益。他的书用了很多数学计算，但最终总结为以下几点：每笔交易都有完美的f；如果你赌的少，风险是数字式的减少而利润是几何级的减少；如果你投入的比最完美的f多，你肯定会破产。最完美的f随着交易不同而不同，很难计算。它能带来长期的高额回报，也会给投入资金超过账户90％的人造成损失。谁愿意使用一个把自己账户从100000变成9000的系统呢？最完美的f告诉我们一个道理，如果我们的仓位太大，我们就会毁了自己的账户。最完美的f是一个地标，你再多走一步就进入了雷区。要远离地雷，在最完美的f之内交易。
Beginners who count profits put their cart before the horse。 Reverse that approach and begin by counting risks。 Ask yourself what your maximum permitted risk is if you follow the 2％ and 6％ Rules。
新手的思维很像用车拉马，不是马拉车。应该反过来思考，先思考风险。问问你自己，如果你愿意接受2％原则和6％原则，你最大的风险是多少？
These are the steps of proper money management：
以下是合理资金管理的步骤：
Measure your account value on the first of the month … the total of cash； cash equivalents； and open positions。
月初计算你的账户资金——你的总现金，保证金和仓位。
Calculate 2％ of your equity。 This is the maximum you may risk on any given trade。
计算总资金的2％。这是你每次交易的最大损失。
Calculate 6％ of your equity。 This is the maximum you are permitted to lose in any given month； after which you must close out all trades and stop trading for the rest of that month。
计算总资金的6％。这是你每月可以损失的最大值。如果损失超过了6％，你要清空所有的仓位，当月不再交易。
For every trade； decide on your entry point and a stop； express your risk per share or per contract in dollars。
对于每笔交易，计算好进场点和止损点。用金额说明你每笔或者每分合约的风险数字。
Divide 2％ of your equity by your risk per share to find how many shares or contracts you may trade。 To get a round number； round it down。
把2％的预计亏损分摊到股票或者期货合约上，看样可以买多少股或者多少份。四舍，不能五入。
Calculate your risk on all open positions by multiplying the distance from the entry point to the current stop by the number of shares or contracts。 If the total risk is 4％ of your account or less； you may add another position； since you’ll be adding 2％ with your current trade； bringing the total to 6％。 Remember； you do not have to risk 2％ per trade； you may risk less if you like。
把所要买的股票股数和期货合约份数算好，算出从进场点到止损点的价差，把2个数字相乘，得到一个总数。如果总数算出来的风险是4％或者更少，你要加点仓，总风险做到6％。记住，你不必每笔交易风险控制在2％，如果你喜欢，数字可以更小。
Put on a trade only after meeting all of the above conditions。
当满足以上所有条件时，开始交易。
Establish the size of your trades on the basis of how much money you can afford to risk； not how much you want to make。 Follow the 2％ and the 6％ Rules。 If you are having a good month； with most trades going your way； you will move your stops beyond breakeven and will be allowed to put on more positions。 You may even go on margin。 The beauty of thi