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国际会计准则+中文版+-第章

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①资产性质; 
②在企业基本报告形式(见《国际会计准则第 
14号分部报告》)的基础上,资产所属报
告分部;

(4)对于现金产出单位; 
①有关现金产出单位的描述(例如生产线、设备、车间、地理区域,ISA14或其他准则
中定义的报告实体); 
②在企业基本报告形式(见《国际会计准则第 
14号分部报告》)的基础上,某类资产已
确认的减值损失或冲回金额; 
③如现金产出单位资产范围改变,企业必须披露日目前和以前资产范围及改变的原因。
(5)资产(现金产出单位)的可收回价值是其销售净价或使用价值;
(6)如果可收回价值是销售净价,用以计量销售净价的基础(如依据活跃市场或其它);
(7)如果可收回价值是使用价值,目前及以前估计所使用的折现率。 
118.如果当期己确认(冲回)的资产减值损失总额对于理解报告企业的财务报表是重要
的,企业必须对以下事项作简要描述:
(1)资产损失减值(资产损失冲回)的主要资产类别,本准则第 
117段没有要求对此加
以披露;
(2)导致确认资产减值损失(冲回)的事件和环境,本准则第 
117段没有要求对此加以
披露。 
119.鼓励企业披露当期确认资产(现金产出单位)可收回价值时所采用的关键假设。
过渡性规定 


120.本准则应当仅采用未来适用法。由于采用本准则而产生的资产减值损失碳资产减值
损失冲回)应按本准则讲行确认(即,如果资产不是以重估价计价,其减值损失计入当期损
益。重估资产的减值损失(资产减值损失冲回)应作为重估增值的减少(增加))。 
121.在采用本准则之前,关干资产减值损失的确认及冲回,许多其它准则中也有类似规
定。但是,由于本准则在如何计算可收回价值及如何确认现金产出单位等方面的具体规定,
也许导致企业对以前评估的修改。由于很难追溯确定原来在确定可收回价值时所使用的估计,
在采用本准则时,不要求企业执行《国际会计准则第 
18号本期净损益、重大差错和会计政
策变更》中所规定的会计政策变更的基准处理方法或允许选用的处理方法。
生效日期


122.本准则对报告日期自 
1999年 
7月 
1日开始或以后的财务报表生效。同时也鼓励企
业提前采用。如果企业在 
1999年 
7月 
1日之前开始的期间采用,必须对此加以披露。
附录(略) 


IAS 37: Provisions; Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets 

IAS 37; Provisions; Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets; was approved by the IASC 
Board in July 1998 and became operative for annual financial statements covering periods 
beginning on or after 1 July 1999。 

Summary of IAS 37 
IAS 37 requires that: 

provisions should be recognised in the balance sheet when; and only when: an enterprise has a 
present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event; it is probable (i。e。 more likely 
than not) that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the 
obligation; and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation; 

provisions should be measured in the balance sheet at the best estimate of the expenditure 
required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date; in other words; the amount that an 
enterprise would rationally pay to settle the obligation; or to transfer it to a third party; at that date。 
For this purpose; an enterprise should take risks and uncertainties into account。 However; 
uncertainty does not justify the creation of excessive provisions or a deliberate overstatement of 
liabilities。 An enterprise should discount a provision where the effect of the time value of money is 
material and should take future events; such as changes in the law and technological changes; into 
account where there is sufficient objective evidence that they will occur; 

the amount of a provision should not be reduced by gains from the expected disposal of assets 
(even if the expected disposal is closely linked to the event giving rise to the provision) nor by 
expected reimbursements (for example; through insurance contracts; indemnity clauses or 
suppliersV warranties)。 When it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the 
enterprise settles the obligation; the reimbursement should be recognised as a separate asset; and 

a provision should be used only for expenditures for which the provision was originally 


recognised and should be reversed if an outflow of resources is no longer probable。 

recognised and should be reversed if an outflow of resources is no longer probable。 

a provision should not be recognised for future operating losses; 

a provision should be recognised for an onerous contract …a contract in which the unavoidable 
costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the expected economic benefits; and 

a provision for restructuring costs should be recognised only when an enterprise has a detailed 
formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry 
out the restructuring by starting to implement that plan or announcing its main features to those 
affected by it。 For this purpose; a management or board decision is not enough。 A restructuring 
provision should exclude costs …such as retraining or relocating continuing staff; marketing or 
investment in new systems and distribution networks …that are not necessarily entailed by the 
restructuring or that are associated with the enterpriseVs ongoing activities。 

IAS 37 prohibits the recognition of contingent liabilities and contingent assets。 An enterprise 
should disclose a contingent liability; unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying 
economic benefits is remote; and disclose a contingent asset if an inflow of economic benefits is 
probable 

国际会计准则第 
37号准备、或有负债和或有资产

目的

本准则的目的是确保将适当的确认标准和计量基础运用于准备、或有负债和或有资
产,并确保在财务报表的附注中披露充分的信息,以使使用者能够理解它们的性质、时间和
金额。

范围 


1.本准则适用于所有企业对以下各项之外的准备、或有负债和或有资产的会计核算:
(1)以公允价值计量的金融工具形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产:
(2)执行中的合同(除了亏损的执行中的合同)形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产;
(3)保险公司与保单持有人之间签订的合同形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产;以及

(4)由其他国际会计准则规范的准备、或有负债和或有资产。 
2.本准则适用于不是以公允价值计量的金融工具(包括担保)。 
3.执行中的合同是指双方均未履行任何义务或双方均同等程度地履行了部分义务的合
同。本准则不适用于执行中的合同,除非它是亏损的。 
4.本准则适用于保险公司的准备、或有负债和或有资产,但不适用于其与保单持有人
之间签订的合同形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产。 
5.如果其他国际会计准则规范了特定的准备、或有负债和或有资产,企业应运用该准
则而不是本准则,例如,关于以下项目的准则也规范了特定的准备:
(1)建造合同(参见《国际会计准则第 
11号建造合同》);
(2)所得税(参见《国队会计准则第 
12号所得税》);
)》租赁号17第则准计国际会《见参(租赁)3(

,但是,《国际会计准则第 
17号》未对已

)。 


变为亏损的经营租质的核算提出具体要求,因而本准则应适用于这些情况;

(4)雇员福利(参见《国际会计准则第 
19号一雇员福利》
6.一些作为准备处理的金额可能与收入的确认有关,例如企业提供担保以收取费用,
本准则不涉及收入确认,《国际会计准则第 
18号收入》明确了收入确认标准,并就确认标准
的应用提供了实务指南,本准则不改变《国际会计准则第 
18号》的规定。 
7.本准则将准备定义为时间或金额不确定的负债,在某些国家,“准备”也与一些项目
相联系使用,例如折旧,资产减值和坏账:这些是对资产账面金额的调整,本准则不涉及。 
8.其他国际会计准则规定了支出是作为资产还是作为费用处理,本准则不涉及这些问
题,相应地,本准则既不禁止也不�
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